AI Agent
AI Systems · Also: agentic AI, browser agent
Definition: A software system that can plan or perform actions toward a goal, often by calling tools, browsing pages or interacting with services.
Practical instruction: Use accessible labels, predictable controls and clear confirmation steps when an agent may interact with a website.
AI Mode
AI Systems · Also: Google AI Mode
Definition: A Google Search experience designed for longer, exploratory and comparative questions using generative AI and supporting web links.
Practical instruction: Maintain the normal SEO foundation; Google does not require separate AI Mode markup.
AI Optimization
Publishing · AIO · Also: AIO, AI visibility optimization
Definition: A broad, non-standard label for work intended to improve content, data or business information for AI-powered systems.
Practical instruction: Define the scope every time the term is used because AIO can also mean AI Overviews.
AI Overviews
AI Systems · AIO · Also: Google AI Overviews, AIO
Definition: Google-generated summaries that may appear in Search with supporting web links for questions where an overview may help.
Practical instruction: Do not create a separate hidden AI page. Keep important information crawlable, textual and accurately structured.
AI Search
AI Systems · Also: generative search, AI-assisted search
Definition: A search experience that uses AI to interpret a request, retrieve information and often generate a direct or synthesized response.
Practical instruction: Treat AI search as a group of different products rather than one universal engine.
Answer Engine
Publishing · Also: direct answer system
Definition: A search or information system designed to provide a direct response rather than only a list of possible sources.
Practical instruction: Write the essential answer first, then add the evidence, conditions and context needed to use it correctly.
Answer Engine Optimization
Publishing · AEO · Also: AEO, answer optimization
Definition: The practice of presenting accurate information in a direct, structured form that can satisfy a specific question.
Practical instruction: Use descriptive question headings, answer immediately and keep the answer visible in ordinary HTML.
Attribution
Publishing · Also: source credit, credit
Definition: The act of identifying the source, author or organization responsible for information, research, media or a claim.
Practical instruction: Link to original or authoritative sources and identify who produced original work.
Canonical URL
Technical · Also: canonical tag, rel canonical
Definition: The preferred URL selected for a page when the same or very similar content can be reached through more than one address.
Practical instruction: Use a self-referencing canonical on unique pages and avoid publishing copies across several domains.
Chatbot
AI Systems · Also: conversational assistant
Definition: A software interface that accepts conversational input and returns generated or scripted responses.
Practical instruction: Do not assume every chatbot searches the live web; retrieval access varies by product and session.
Chunking
AI Systems · Also: document chunking, text chunk
Definition: The process of dividing a document into smaller passages that can be indexed and retrieved independently.
Practical instruction: Use clear sections and headings so passages retain meaning when retrieved away from the full page.
Citation
Publishing · Also: supporting link, source link
Definition: A reference identifying a source used to support or expand an answer.
Practical instruction: A citation is not the same as an endorsement, ranking or guarantee that the source will be reused later.
Context Window
AI Systems · Also: model context
Definition: The amount of text, data or tokens a language model can consider within a single interaction.
Practical instruction: Put essential definitions close to the relevant heading instead of relying on distant context.
Crawlability
Technical · Also: crawl access
Definition: The ability of a crawler to reach and request a page and its important resources.
Practical instruction: Return successful HTTP responses, use crawlable links and avoid login walls for public material.
Crawler
Technical · Also: bot, spider, web crawler
Definition: Automated software that requests pages and resources so a service can discover, index, analyze or use them.
Practical instruction: Check robots.txt and server logs, but also confirm that the firewall, CDN and bot protection allow legitimate crawlers.
Data Freshness
Entity & Data · Also: freshness, current data
Definition: How current the available information is relative to the question being asked.
Practical instruction: Update changed services, hours, prices, locations and contact details rather than leaving contradictory versions online.
DefinedTerm
Entity & Data · Also: schema DefinedTerm
Definition: A schema.org type used to describe a word, phrase, acronym or concept and its meaning.
Practical instruction: Use it to describe visible definitions, not to insert hidden meanings that the page never explains.
Digital Handshake
Entity & Data · Also: online introduction
Definition: The public introduction connecting a business identity with its services, locations, contact details and official links before a customer makes contact.
Practical instruction: Make the identity, offer, service area and next step clear on the same public page.
E-E-A-T
Publishing · E-E-A-T · Also: experience expertise authoritativeness trust
Definition: A quality-evaluation concept referring to experience, expertise, authoritativeness and trust, with trust as the central consideration.
Practical instruction: Show who created the content, why they know the subject and what evidence supports important claims.
Embedding
AI Systems · Also: vector embedding
Definition: A numerical representation used to capture relationships or similarity among words, passages, images or other data.
Practical instruction: Remember that semantic similarity does not prove factual accuracy or business identity.
Entity
Entity & Data · Also: named entity, business entity
Definition: A distinct person, organization, place, product, event or concept that a system can identify and connect with information.
Practical instruction: Use consistent names and official links so the same entity is not mistaken for several unrelated ones.
Entity Resolution
Entity & Data · Also: record linkage, identity resolution
Definition: The process of deciding whether different records or references describe the same real-world entity.
Practical instruction: Correct conflicting names, addresses, phone numbers and websites where the business has control.
Generative AI
AI Systems · Also: gen AI
Definition: AI designed to create new text, images, audio, code or other outputs from learned patterns and supplied context.
Practical instruction: Review generated material for accuracy, originality, relevance and unsupported claims before publication.
Generative Engine Optimization
Publishing · GEO · Also: GEO, generative search optimization
Definition: Work intended to improve the usefulness or visibility of content and entities in generated answers.
Practical instruction: Add original value, clear authorship, direct definitions, supporting evidence and a strong technical foundation.
Grounding
AI Systems · Also: grounded answer
Definition: The use of retrieved or supplied evidence to anchor a generated response in external information.
Practical instruction: Grounding can reduce unsupported answers, but the source and retrieval process can still be wrong.
Hallucination
AI Systems · Also: fabrication, unsupported generation
Definition: A generated statement that is false, unsupported or presented with more confidence than the available evidence justifies.
Practical instruction: Provide verifiable facts and monitor important brand information, but do not claim hallucinations can be eliminated by publishing one page.
Index
Technical · Also: search index
Definition: A processed collection of pages, records or passages that a search or retrieval system can query.
Practical instruction: A crawler reaching a page does not guarantee that the page will be indexed.
IndexNow
Technical · Also: URL submission protocol
Definition: A protocol that lets participating search engines know when a URL has been added, updated or deleted.
Practical instruction: Submit changed URLs after deployment, but understand that receipt does not guarantee indexing.
Information Retrieval
AI Systems · IR · Also: retrieval
Definition: The process of locating relevant documents, records or passages in response to a query.
Practical instruction: Write sections that remain understandable when retrieved as individual passages.
JSON-LD
Entity & Data · JSON-LD · Also: linked data JSON, structured data script
Definition: A JSON-based format commonly used to add linked structured data to a web page.
Practical instruction: Keep JSON-LD valid, page-specific and consistent with what users can see.
Knowledge Graph
Entity & Data · Also: entity graph
Definition: A structured network of entities and the relationships among them.
Practical instruction: Connect official names, people, organizations, places and products consistently rather than repeating disconnected keywords.
Knowledge Panel
Entity & Data · Also: Google knowledge panel
Definition: An information panel generated by Google from its understanding of an entity and relevant sources.
Practical instruction: A business cannot create a knowledge panel directly; it can maintain accurate official information and relevant profiles.
Large Language Model
AI Systems · LLM · Also: language model
Definition: A model trained on large amounts of language data to predict and generate text and perform language-related tasks.
Practical instruction: Do not treat an LLM’s internal knowledge as a live, complete or always accurate database.
llms.txt
Technical · Also: LLM text file, AI text file
Definition: A proposed plain-text website guide intended to summarize important pages for systems that choose to read it.
Practical instruction: Use it only as a supplement. Google states that special AI text files are not required for AI Overviews or AI Mode.
Local SEO
Local Search · Also: local search optimization
Definition: Work intended to improve how a business appears for location-related searches and local customer needs.
Practical instruction: Maintain the Google Business Profile, accurate business details, relevant location content and real customer information.
Model Context Protocol
AI Systems · MCP · Also: MCP
Definition: A protocol for connecting AI applications with external tools, data sources and services through standardized interfaces.
Practical instruction: MCP is an application integration concept, not a replacement for public website crawlability.
NAP
Local Search · NAP · Also: name address phone
Definition: A local-search abbreviation for a business’s name, address and phone number.
Practical instruction: Use the current official details consistently while accounting for service-area businesses that do not publicly receive customers at an address.
Natural Language Processing
AI Systems · NLP · Also: NLP
Definition: A field concerned with enabling computers to process, interpret and generate human language.
Practical instruction: Write naturally and clearly; awkward keyword repetition is not required for machines to understand the topic.
Noindex
Technical · Also: noindex directive
Definition: A directive asking compliant search engines not to include a page in their search index.
Practical instruction: Allow the crawler to access the page if it must read the noindex directive.
OAI-SearchBot
Technical · Also: OpenAI search crawler
Definition: OpenAI’s crawler used to discover public content for ChatGPT search experiences.
Practical instruction: Allow it in robots.txt and ensure the server or WAF does not block legitimate requests when search visibility is desired.
Organic Search
Publishing · Also: unpaid search
Definition: Unpaid visibility in search results rather than placement purchased through advertising.
Practical instruction: Separate organic visibility reporting from paid campaigns and referral traffic.
Passage Retrieval
AI Systems · Also: passage search
Definition: The process of locating a specific section of a document that may answer a question.
Practical instruction: Use headings, complete sentences and local context so a retrieved passage does not become misleading.
PerplexityBot
Technical · Also: Perplexity crawler
Definition: Perplexity’s crawler for surfacing and linking websites in Perplexity search results.
Practical instruction: Allow the crawler and, where necessary, verify official IP ranges in WAF rules.
Prompt
AI Systems · Also: instruction, user prompt
Definition: Input provided to an AI system describing a request, question, context or desired behaviour.
Practical instruction: A user’s wording can change retrieval and output, so test realistic customer questions rather than only one exact prompt.
Query Fan-Out
AI Systems · Also: fan-out queries
Definition: A technique in which an AI search system issues multiple related searches to address different parts of a complex request.
Practical instruction: Build a coherent topic structure instead of creating a thin page for every imagined wording variation.
Ranking
Technical · Also: search ranking
Definition: The ordering or scoring of documents, passages, products or results according to a system’s relevance and quality criteria.
Practical instruction: Do not confuse technical eligibility with a guarantee of high placement.
Recognition Engine Guidance
Entity & Data · REG · Also: Recognition REG
Definition: The first REG pillar, focused on helping systems identify the correct business or entity and connect its legitimate public references.
Practical instruction: Standardize the official name, people, location, services, contacts and official links.
Retrieval Engine Guidance
Entity & Data · REG · Also: Retrieval REG
Definition: The second REG pillar, focused on making accurate information about an entity available and retrievable for relevant questions.
Practical instruction: Publish direct service, area, credential, policy and contact information in visible text.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation
AI Systems · RAG · Also: RAG
Definition: An AI architecture that retrieves external information and supplies it as context while a model generates a response.
Practical instruction: Evaluate source quality, retrieval quality and generation quality separately.
Rich Result
Technical · Also: rich snippet
Definition: A search result enhanced with additional visual or interactive information supported by eligible structured data.
Practical instruction: Valid structured data creates eligibility, not a guaranteed enhanced appearance.
robots.txt
Technical · Also: robots file, robots exclusion
Definition: A file at the site root that communicates crawl permissions to robots that follow the Robots Exclusion Protocol.
Practical instruction: Use User-agent: * and Allow: / when the goal is to permit all compliant crawlers.
Schema Markup
Entity & Data · Also: schema.org markup, structured markup
Definition: Machine-readable vocabulary used to describe people, organizations, articles, products, events, terms and other entities on a page.
Practical instruction: Choose page-appropriate types and do not add unsupported or invisible claims.
Search Engine Optimization
Publishing · SEO · Also: SEO
Definition: The practice of helping search engines discover and understand content while helping people find useful pages through search results.
Practical instruction: Start with crawlability, useful content, internal links, page structure and accurate business details.
Semantic Search
AI Systems · Also: meaning-based search
Definition: Search that attempts to understand meaning, relationships and intent rather than relying only on exact word matching.
Practical instruction: Use natural language, clear entities and complete explanations instead of forcing every possible keyword variation.
Service Area
Local Search · Also: area served, service radius
Definition: The geographic area in which a business provides services to customers.
Practical instruction: Name real cities, regions or distance limits and distinguish the service area from a storefront address.
Sitemap
Technical · Also: XML sitemap
Definition: A machine-readable list of important site URLs and optional update information used to support discovery.
Practical instruction: Submit the sitemap to search tools and keep it aligned with canonical, indexable pages.
Structured Data
Entity & Data · Also: structured markup, schema data
Definition: Machine-readable information that labels the meaning and relationships of page content using a defined vocabulary.
Practical instruction: Ensure every material statement in the structured data is supported by visible page content.
Token
AI Systems · Also: LLM token
Definition: A unit of text processed by a language model; a word may contain one or several tokens.
Practical instruction: Token counts affect model context and cost, but website quality is not measured by token volume.
Tool Calling
AI Systems · Also: function calling
Definition: The ability of an AI system to invoke external functions, searches, databases or services while handling a request.
Practical instruction: Design public interactions with clear labels, predictable inputs and confirmation before consequential actions.
Vector Database
AI Systems · Also: vector store
Definition: A database designed to store and search numerical vector representations, often used for semantic retrieval.
Practical instruction: A vector database improves similarity search; it does not resolve inaccurate source data automatically.
Voice Search
Local Search · Also: spoken search
Definition: A search initiated through spoken language, often using a phone, car system, smart speaker or assistant.
Practical instruction: Answer natural customer questions and keep local contact and location information current.
Zero-Click Search
Publishing · Also: no-click search
Definition: A search session in which the user receives enough information on the results page or answer interface without clicking a website.
Practical instruction: Measure more than website clicks; visibility, branded demand and later customer actions may occur elsewhere.